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1.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 31(2): 39-44, 10-abr-2023. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1518754

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la demencia es la alteración cognitiva con mayor incidencia. Provoca una disminución de las capacidades físicas y mentales. Las habilidades y conocimientos del cuidador familiar tienen un papel importante para entender las necesidades, fortalezas y limitaciones en el cuidado. Objetivo: establecer la relación entre los conocimientos y las habilidades en cuidados del cuidador familiar del adulto mayor con demencia. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, prospectivo y con alcance correlacional. Muestra no aleatoria por disponibilidad de 26 cuidadores. Se aplicó la Escala de conocimientos sobre demencia DKAT2-sp con alfa de Cronbach de 0.79 y el Inventario de habilidad de cuidado-CAI con alfa de Cronbach de 0.84. Resultados: el género predominante fue el femenino. Los resultados de la prueba Rho de Spearman (p = 0.149) comprobaron que no existe relación y mostraron un nivel de significación mayor que lo esperado entre el conocimiento y la habilidad. Los familiares de personas con demencia cumplen con otros roles diferentes, además de que no reciben capacitación; tienen conocimientos altos y moderados con habilidades de cuidado medias y altas. Conclusión: los niveles de habilidad y conocimiento no son insuficientes; no existe una relación entre las variables de estudio.


Introduction: Dementia is the cognitive disorder with the higher incidence. It causes a decrease in physical and mental abilities. The skills and knowledge of the family caregiver comprise an important role in understanding the needs, strengths and limitations in care. Objective: To establish the relationship between knowledge and skills of the family caregiver of the elderly with dementia. Methodology: Study with a quantitative, cross-sectional, prospective approach and correlational scope. Non-random sample due to availability of 26 caregivers. The DKAT2-sp Dementia Knowledge Scale (with 0.79 Cronbach's alpha) and the Care Skills Inventory-CAI instrument (0.84 Cronbach's alpha) were applied. Results: The predominant gender was female. The results of the Spearman's Rho test (p = 0.149) confirmed that there is no relationship, showing a higher level of significance than expected between knowledge and ability. Family members of people with dementia fulfill other different roles, in addition to not receiving training; they have high and moderate knowledge with medium and high care skills. Conclusion: The skill and knowledge levels are not insufficient, demonstrating that there is no relationship between the variables.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Caregivers/education , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Dementia/psychology , Aptitude , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae ; (6): 322-326, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981271

ABSTRACT

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common in the patients with dementia.Creative arts therapies (CAT) are one of the safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions for BPSD.This paper elaborates on the therapeutic effects of four common CAT,including art therapy,music therapy,dance therapy,and drama therapy,on BPSD.Despite the shortcomings,CAT offer a new gateway for the safe and noninvasive treatment of BPSD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Art Therapy , Music Therapy , Dementia/psychology
3.
Psicol. Estud. (Online) ; 28: e45268, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1406372

ABSTRACT

RESUMO. A autonomia privada existencial, como expressão da dignidade da pessoa humana, representa para o indivíduo a possibilidade de agir em conformidade com valores e significados eleitos essenciais na elaboração do seu projeto de vida. Neste estudo, seus autores, dois terapeutas ocupacionais, dois advogados e uma psicóloga, somam saberes e dialogam com intuito de demarcar a relevância da autonomia privada existencial nas condições de demência avançada, nos estados vegetativos permanentes e na iminência de morte. Na tarefa a que se propõem, os autores ponderam sobre suas experimentações e interlocuções enquanto profissionais de formação acadêmica diversificada, inclinados a ofertar espaços para comunicar vida e acolher dores. São apresentadas e discutidas as bases jurídicas da autonomia privada, assim como os pressupostos da Logoterapia de Viktor Frankl em defesa da liberdade de vontade e da dignidade no final da vida.


RESUMEN La autonomía existencial privada, como expresión de la dignidad de la persona humana, representa para el individuo la posibilidad de actuar de acuerdo con valores y significados elegidos esenciales en la elaboración de su proyecto de vida. En este estudio, sus autores, dos terapeutas ocupacionales, dos abogados y un psicólogo suman conocimiento y diálogo con el fin de demarcar la relevancia de la autonomía privada existencial en condiciones de demencia avanzada, en estados vegetativos permanentes y muerte inminente. En la tarea que proponen, los autores reflexionan sobre sus vivencias e interlocuciones como profesionales con una formación académica diversificada, inclinados a ofrecer espacios para comunicar la vida y acoger el dolor. Se presentan y discuten las bases legales de la autonomía privada, así como los supuestos de la Logoterapia de Viktor Frankl en defensa de la libertad de voluntad y dignidad al final de la vida.


ABSTRACT. Existential private autonomy, as an expression of the dignity of the human person, represents for the individual the possibility of acting in accordance with essential values and meanings for elaboration of their life project. The authors of this study, two occupational therapists, two lawyers and a psychologist gather their knowledge and dialogue to demarcate the relevance of existential private autonomy in conditions of advanced dementia, in permanent vegetative states and imminent death. In the task proposed, the authors pondered over their experiences and dialogues as professionals with a diversified academic background, inclined to provide spaces to communicate life and welcome pain. The legal bases of private autonomy are presented and discussed, as well as the assumptions of Viktor Frankl's Logotherapy in defense of freedom of will and dignity at the end of life.


Subject(s)
Right to Die/ethics , Persistent Vegetative State/psychology , Dementia/psychology , Logotherapy/education , Psychology , Volition , Personal Autonomy , Allied Health Personnel/education , Ethics , Freedom , Respect , Logotherapy/legislation & jurisprudence , Logotherapy/ethics , Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence
4.
Psico USF ; 27(3): 477-487, July-Sept. 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1422328

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, correlacional e de corte transversal, com objetivo de fornecer dados normativos do TDR para idosos, levando em consideração diferentes faixas etárias e níveis de escolaridade. Duzentos e trinta e cinco foram entrevistados individualmente, distribuídos em cinco grupos etários e quatro níveis de escolaridade. Os instrumentos foram Ficha de Dados Sociodemográficos, Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM), Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, versão reduzida (GDS-15), Tarefa de Fluência Verbal Semântica (TFVS) e o TDR. Utilizou-se estatísticas descritivas, correlação de Pearson e análise univariada (one-way ANOVA) com post hoc Scheffe. Os escores do TDR apresentaram associações significativas com os anos de idade, anos de escolaridade, MEEM, TFVS e GDS-15. Houve diferença de desempenho no TDR ao considerarem os grupos por idade. O estudo fornece valores normativos para o TDR em uma amostra de idosos do sul do Brasil que foram influenciados pela idade, escolaridade, sintomatologia depressiva e fluência verbal. (AU)


This was a quantitative, retrospective, correlational, cross-sectional study that aimed to provide normative CDT (Clock-Drawing Test) data for older adults, taking into account different age groups and educational levels. The sample included 235 older adults distributed among five age groups and four levels of education. The instruments were Sociodemographic Data Sheet, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale reduced version (GDS-15), the Semantic Verbal Fluency Task (TFVS), and the CDT. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and univariate analysis (one-way ANOVA) with Scheffe post hoc were used. The CDT scores showed significant associations with age, years of schooling, MMSE, TFVS, and GDS-15. There was a difference in performance in CDT when considering age groups. The present study was able to provide normative values ​​for CDT in a sample of older adults in southern Brazil that ​​were influenced by age, education, depressive symptoms, and verbal fluency. (AU)


Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, correlacional y transversal, con el objetivo de aportar datos normativos sobre el TDR para ancianos, teniendo en cuenta diferentes grupos de edad y niveles educativos. La muestra incluyó a 235 ancianos distribuidos en cinco grupos de edad y cuatro niveles de educación. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron Ficha de Datos Sociodemográficos, Mini Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE), Escala de Depresión Geriátrica, versión reducida (GDS-15), Tarea de Fluidez Verbal Semántica (TFVS) y TDR. Se emplearon estadísticas descriptivas, correlación de Pearson y análisis univariante (one-way ANOVA) con post hoc Scheffe. Los puntajes de TDR mostraron asociaciones significativas con la edad, años de escolaridad, MMSE, TFVS y GDS-15. Hubo diferencia en el desempeño en el TDR al considerar los grupos por edad. El presente estudio fue capaz de proporcionar valores normativos para TDR en una muestra de ancianos en el sur de Brasil influenciados por la edad, la escolaridad, los síntomas depresivos y la fluidez verbal. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dementia/psychology , Depression/psychology , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychometrics , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Interviews as Topic/methods , Retrospective Studies , Analysis of Variance , Fujita-Pearson Scale , Executive Function , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Correlation of Data , Sociodemographic Factors
5.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 59(3): 185-196, sept. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388397

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Comunicar el diagnóstico de demencia es un importante desafío médico, por lo que tiende a ser una práctica poco frecuente no obstante el derecho de los pacientes a ser informados de sus diagnósticos. En Chile, existe investigación que describe las implicancias del diagnóstico de demencia en el sistema familiar y cuidadores informales, pero no se ha abordado esta experiencia desde la perspectiva de los pacientes, por lo que sus implicancias son también desconocidas. OBJETIVO: Describir las experiencias luego del diagnóstico de demencia desde la perspectiva de los pacientes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo. Se realizó entrevistas a 11 personas, 6 hombres y 5 mujeres, con edad promedio 70 años (64-82), quienes recibieron el diagnóstico de demencia tipo Alzheimer en etapa leve y fueron informados de su diagnóstico por Neuróloga tratante. Las entrevistas transcritas fueron analizadas mediante análisis de contenido con codificación abierta, usando software NVivo 11.0 Pro. RESULTADOS: Las siguientes cinco categorías temáticas genéricas fueron producidas a partir del análisis de las entrevistas, describiendo la experiencia de los pacientes luego de recibir el diagnóstico: rol capacitante de la familia, ser informado/a sobre la demencia, autoestigma, ambivalencia en contar el diagnóstico, y estrategias de adaptación al diagnóstico. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este estudio informan de necesidades específicas de los pacientes luego de ser informados del diagnóstico de demencia tipo Alzheimer. Se presentan consideraciones para el abordaje local del diagnóstico por equipos de salud y apoyo social que enfrentan el desafío de planificar la atención de personas con trastornos cognitivos y sus familias.


INTRODUCTION: Communicating the diagnosis of dementia is a medical challenge. Despite the the patients' right to be informed of their diagnosis, diagnostic disclosure is globally underperformed. In Chile, previous research has addressed the implications of diagnosis from the perspectives of families and family caregivers, but the perspectives and implications from the patients' perspectives remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe the experiences of patients following the diagnosis of dementia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative study. Interviews were performed to 11 individuals who had received the diagnosis of early-stage dementia of the Alzheimer's type, 5 women and 6 men, average age 70 years old (64-82). Interviews transcripts were analyzed using content analysis with open coding, using software NVivo 11.0 Pro. RESULTS: The following five generic categories were produced from the interpretation of interviews to describe the experience of patients after being informed of a diagnosis of dementia: the enabling role of families, being informed about dementia, self-stigma, ambivalence on sharing the diagnosis, and coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Findings report specific unmet needs of patients who have been communicated of the diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Suggestions are presented to inform local health care and social support teams that face the challenge of developing interventions to support people with dementia and their families.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Patients/psychology , Dementia/diagnosis , Dementia/psychology , Truth Disclosure , Adaptation, Psychological , Interviews as Topic , Qualitative Research , Family Relations , Social Stigma , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Alzheimer Disease/psychology
6.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 40(4): 191-198, dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145493

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el siguiente estudio tuvo como finalidad explorar algunas características demográficas asociadas al dolor crónico y el desarrollo de ideas de suicidio en una población de pacientes mayores de 65 años. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional y analítico de corte transversal mediante el relevamiento de datos a partir historias clínicas de pacientes mayores de 65 años que concurrieron a los consultorios externos del equipo de geriatría del Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, entre junio de 2018 y diciembre de 2018. Resultados: se incluyó en el estudio un total de 222 pacientes, de los cuales 50 (23%) presentaron indicadores de dolor crónico y 33 pacientes (14,6%) lo hicieron de ideación suicida. Mediante estudio de correlación se estableció que estar ocupado, padecer dolor crónico y haber tenido más de una internación psiquiátrica son factores que incrementan el riesgo de presentar ideación suicida. Las variables ideación suicida, edad, y el estado civil ‒separado o divorciado en comparación con estar casado‒ son factores asociados a la presencia de dolor crónico. Conclusiones: el dolor crónico y la ideación suicida son factores que contribuyen a aumentar la fragilidad en personas mayores y deben ser estudiados en mayor profundidad para comprender los distintos modos de expresión de la patología psiquiátrica en esta población. (AU)


Introduction: the following study aimed to explore some demographic characteristics associated with chronic pain and the development of suicidal ideas in a population of patients over 65 years. Method: an cross-sectional observational and analytical study was carried out by collecting data from clinical histories of patients over 65 years of age who attended the external offices of the geriatrics team of the Psychiatry service of the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires between June 2018 and December 2018. Results: a total of 222 patients were included in the study, of which 50 (23%) presented indicators of chronic pain and 33 patients (14.6%) had suicidal ideation. A correlation study established that being employed, suffering from chronic pain and having had more than one psychiatric hospitalization are factors that increase the risk of presenting suicidal ideation. The variables suicidal ideation, age, and separated or divorced marital status compared to being married are factors associated with the presence of chronic pain. Conclusions: chronic pain and suicidal ideation are factors that contribute to increasing frailty in elderly patients and should be studied in greater depth to understand the different modes of expression of psychiatric pathology in this population. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Suicidal Ideation , Chronic Pain/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Suicide/psychology , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Grief , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Marital Status/statistics & numerical data , Dementia/psychology , Chronic Pain/psychology , Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology , Frailty/psychology , Geriatric Psychiatry/statistics & numerical data
8.
Estud. interdiscip. envelhec ; 24(2): 81-95, set. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1096127

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A insuficiência cognitiva é um dos principais fatores que podem comprometer a independência e a autonomia dos idosos, especialmente nos que residem em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI). Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) de idosos com sinais de demência residentes em instituições de longa permanência em Betim, Minas Gerais. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, transversal, de caráter descritivo, em que inicialmente foi conduzida uma triagem com o Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM); aqueles participantes que obtiveram triagem positiva, segundo critérios de escolaridade e escore acima de 10, foram submetidos à versão brasileira da Escala de Qualidade de Vida na Doença de Alzheimer (QdV-DA). Dos 106 idosos participantes nas 3 instituições cenário deste estudo, 58 atenderam ao critério de inclusão e, desses, 15 foram inseridos no estudo. Resultados: Foi utilizada a distribuição em quartis para a correção composta (P25 = 26,7; P50 = 31,3; P75 = 36,00). Assim, os resultados permitiram afirmar que 26,7% (n=4) dos idosos avaliados possuem baixa QV, 46,6% média QV (n=7) e 26,7 % foram classificados como tendo alta QV (n=4). Conclusão: A avaliação de constructos subjetivos, como a QV, é um desafio entre idosos com sinais de demência, porém extremamente importante para avaliar o impacto das intervenções propostas. A QV deve ser levada em consideração pelos responsáveis pela gestão dessas instituições, a fim de estruturar suas atividades buscando o bem-estar dos idosos institucionalizados, além de permanecer atentos ao perfil dessa população. (AU)


Introduction: Cognitive insufficiency is one of the main factors that may compromise the independence and autonomy of the older adults, especially in those living in Homes for the Aged. Objective: To evaluate the Quality of Life (QOL) of older adults with signs of dementia who live in Long-term care facilities in Betim, Minas Gerais State. Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study that initial triage was performed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); those who obtained positive screening criteria according to schooling and scores above 10 were submitted to the Brazilian version of the Alzheimer's Disease Quality of Life Scale (QOLAD). The total of 106 older adults in 3 in Long-term care facilities, 58 were able to respond to the cognitive screening performed by the MMSE and, of these, 15 obtained scores to participate in this study. Results: The quartile distribution was used for the composite correction (P25 = 26.7, P50 = 31.3, P75 = 36.00, and the results allowed to state that 26.7% (n=4) had low QOL, 46.6% mean QOL (n=7) and 26.7% were classified as having high QOL (n=4). Conclusion: The evaluation of subjective constructs, as QOL, is a challenge to older adults with signs of dementia, but extremely important to evaluate the impact of the proposed interventions. The QOL should be taken into account by those responsible for the management of these institutions in order to structure their activities seeking the welfare of the institutionalized older adults, attentive to the profile of this population. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Quality of Life/psychology , Dementia/psychology , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Homes for the Aged , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies
9.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(4): 1086-1093, Jul.-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1020524

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the most commonly used educational approaches in dementia training for primary health care professionals. Method: Integrative literature review, conducted between April and June of 2018, in PubMed, LILACS and IBECS databases. The descriptors used were: Training, Health Personnel, Dementia, Primary Health Care for PubMed; and the MeSH terms, Training Programs, Health Personnel, Dementia, and Primary Health Care for LILACS and IBECS. Results: The sample consisted of 13 articles; eight were published in the last five years (62%); seven articles with a quantitative approach (54%); seven articles produced on the European continent (54%), followed by five published on the North American continent (38%). All journals were from the health area (100%). Conclusion: Educational strategies were combined and used for education. Significant improvements in knowledge, skills, and attitudes of the teams with regard to professional management of dementias were evidenced.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Investigar los enfoques educativos más utilizados en la educación sobre demencia para profesionales de atención primaria de salud. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada entre abril y junio de 2018, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS e IBECS. Los descriptores, entrenamiento, personal de salud, demencia y atención primaria de salud se utilizaron en PubMed; los términos Mesh, Programas de capacitación, Personal de salud, Demencia y Atención primaria de salud se utilizaron en LILACS e IBECS. Resultados: La muestra constó de 13 artículos, ocho fueron publicados en los últimos cinco años (62%); siete artículos tuvieron un enfoque cuantitativo (54%); se produjeron siete artículos en el continente europeo (54%), seguidos de cinco publicados en el continente norteamericano (38%). Todas las revistas fueron del área de salud (100%). Conclusión: Las estrategias educativas se combinaron y se utilizaron para la enseñanza. Se evidenciaron mejoras significativas en el conocimiento, las habilidades y las actitudes de los equipos con respecto a la gestión profesional de las demencias.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar as abordagens educativas mais comumente utilizadas na capacitação em demência para profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada entre abril e junho de 2018, nas bases de dados: PubMed, LILACS e IBECS. Foram utilizados os descritores Training, Health Personnel, Dementia, Primary Health Care para PubMed e os termos Mesh Training Programs, Health Personnel, Dementia, Primary Health Care, para LILACS e IBECS. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 13 artigos, sendo oito publicados nos últimos 5 anos (62%); sete artigos com abordagem quantitativa (54%); sete artigos produzidos no continente europeu (54%), seguidos de cinco publicados no continente norte-americano (38%). Quanto aos periódicos, todos eram da área da saúde (100%). Conclusão: Algumas estratégias educacionais foram combinadas e utilizadas para a capacitação. Melhorias significativas em conhecimento, habilidades e atitudes das equipes no acompanhamento às demências foram evidenciadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Teaching/trends , Dementia/therapy , Education, Professional/methods , Health Personnel/education , Health Personnel/trends , Dementia/psychology , Education, Professional/trends
10.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(4): 1381-1392, abr. 2019. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001758

ABSTRACT

Resumo O estudo buscou conhecer a percepção dos familiares cuidadores acerca do cuidado ao idoso com demência realizado por eles e pela ESF. A pesquisa qualitativa analítica-descritiva foi realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com cinco familiares cuidadores usuários de uma unidade de atenção primária organizada pela ESF, localizada no município do Rio de Janeiro. O material coletado foi submetido à análise de discurso da Escola Francesa. Análise dos sintomas que impactam na rotina e nos sentimentos do cuidador gerando mudanças consideráveis; o histórico familiar, a forma da família lidar com situações difíceis e o apoio ao avesso representado pela falta de suporte dos outros familiares e do Estado intensificam os problemas relacionados ao cuidado; A abdicação de si, o isolamento e as interpretações subjetivas negativas são produtores e agravantes de sofrimento psíquico do familiar cuidador. A ESF apesar de suas limitações acolhe o idoso com demência e o cuidador, mas não é considerada referência de cuidado pelos familiares cuidadores. Para os familiares cuidadores, o que intensifica os desafios do cuidado é a situação de abandono experienciada por eles, impactando como uma dinâmica subjetiva de opressão e abdicação de si, levando a conflitos que refletem na situação de cuidado.


Abstract This study sought to identify the perception of the family caregivers regarding care provided by them and the ESF to the elderly with dementia. This qualitative, analytical and descriptive research was carried out through semi-structured interviews, with five family caregivers users of a primary care facility organized by the ESF, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The collected material was submitted to the French School of discourse analysis. Analysis of the symptoms that affect the routine and the feelings of the caregiver generate considerable changes. Family history, family coping with difficult situations, and support for backwardness represented by lack of support from other family members and the State intensify care-related problems. Self-abdication, isolation, and negative subjective interpretations are the producers and aggravators of the psychic distress of family caregivers. Despite its limitations, the ESF receives seniors with dementia and caregivers, but it is not considered a reference of care by family caregivers. Family caregivers affirm that what intensifies the challenges of care is the situation of abandonment experienced by them, impacting as subjective dynamics of oppression and self-abdication, leading to conflicts that reflect in the care situation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Family/psychology , Family Health , Caregivers/psychology , Dementia/therapy , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Social Support , Brazil , Adaptation, Psychological , Interviews as Topic , Dementia/psychology , Middle Aged
11.
Rev. bras. psiquiatr ; 40(3): 264-269, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959233

ABSTRACT

Objective: To validate the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale for use in Brazil (RUDAS-BR). Methods: We first completed an English-Brazilian Portuguese translation and back-translation of the RUDAS. A total of 135 subjects over 60 years of age were included: 65 cognitively healthy and 70 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to the DSM-IV and Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria. All participants completed an interview and were screened for depression. The receiver operating characteristic curves of the RUDAS were compared with those of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) regarding the sensitivity and specificity of cutoffs, taking education into consideration. Results: The areas under the curve were similar for the RUDAS-BR (0.87 [95%CI 0.82-0.93]) and the MMSE (0.84 [95%CI 0.7-0.90]). RUDAS-BR scores < 23 indicated dementia, with sensitivity of 81.5% and specificity of 76.1%. MMSE < 24 indicated dementia, with sensitivity of 72.3% and specificity of 78.9%. The cutoff score was influenced by years of education on the MMSE, but not on the RUDAS-BR. Conclusions: The RUDAS-BR is as accurate as the MMSE in screening for dementia. RUDAS-BR scores were not influenced by education. The RUDAS-BR may improve the cognitive assessment of older persons who are illiterate or of lower educational attainment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Geriatric Assessment , Dementia/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests/standards , Translations , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Dementia/psychology , Educational Status , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Language
13.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 71(supl.2): 893-904, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-898581

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the development of measures used between 1993 and 2016 to evaluate time use by family caregivers of elderly with dementia and to find out the patterns of time use identified in the literature. Method: An integrative review of articles was performed, indexed by the following terms: time use management, family caregiver and elderly. Results: A total of 17 articles were found, of which seven were methodological. Among these seven articles, five were psychometric. The most frequently used measures were self-reporting (matrices, questionnaires and inventories), validated through objective measures of occurrence and duration. Longitudinal, prospective, clinical and correlational studies showed that care time covaries with the receptors' dependence and that the caregivers' subjective well-being is more affected by the time restriction to free choice activities than the burden resulting from obligatory activities. Final considerations: Valid self-reporting measures are widely used nowadays and they are considered to be effective to assess the objective and subjective costs of health care for dementia.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la evolución de las medidas utilizadas para la evaluación del uso del tiempo por cuidadores familiares de ancianos con demencias entre 1993 y 2016 y conocer los patrones de uso del tiempo identificados por esa literatura. Método: revisión integrativa de artículos indexados por los siguientes términos: time use measurement, family caregiver y elderly. Resultados: 17 artículos, entre los cuales siete metodológicos; de entre ellos, cinco eran psicométricos. Las medidas más usadas fueron de autoinforme (matrices, cuestionarios e inventarios), validadas por medidas objetivas de ocurrencia y duración. Los estudios longitudinales, prospectivos, clínicos y correlacionales muestran covarianza entre el tiempo de cuidado y la dependencia del receptor. Además, el bienestar subjetivo del cuidador es más afectado por la restricción del tiempo para actividades de libre elección que por la sobrecarga derivada de las actividades obligatorias. Consideraciones finales: Las medidas válidas de autoinforme son hoy ampliamente usadas y consideradas como eficaces para evaluar costos objetivos y subjetivos del cuidado en las demencias.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a evolução das medidas utilizadas para a avaliação do uso do tempo por cuidadores familiares de idosos com demências, entre 1993 e 2016, e conhecer os padrões de uso do tempo identificados por essa literatura. Método: Revisão integrativa de artigos indexados pelos termos time use measurement, family caregiver e elderly. Resultados: Dezessete artigos, dentre os quais sete metodológicos. Dentre estes, cinco eram psicométricos. As medidas mais usadas foram de autorrelato (matrizes, questionários e inventários), validadas por medidas objetivas de ocorrência e duração. Estudos longitudinais, prospectivos, clínicos e correlacionais mostram que o tempo de cuidado covaria com a dependência do receptor e que o bem-estar subjetivo do cuidador é mais afetado pela restrição do tempo para atividades de livre escolha do que pela sobrecarga decorrente das obrigatórias. Considerações finais: Medidas válidas de autorrelato são hoje amplamente usadas, consideradas como eficazes para avaliar custos objetivos e subjetivos do cuidado nas demências.


Subject(s)
Humans , Time Factors , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Cost of Illness , Dementia/complications , Dementia/psychology
14.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 44(6): 159-161, Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038343

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Caring for a demented relative is frequently associated with burden; yet, a subset of family caregivers may experience it as rewarding. Certain characteristics, including personality factors, may render caregivers more resilient to stress and therefore attenuate the perception of burden and its impact on quality of life. Objective: To determine the association between social skills and well being among family caregivers to patients with dementia. Methods: Forty-one family caregivers to patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) were assessed with Social Skills Inventory (SSI-Del-Prette) and the Zarit Burden Interview; quality of life was estimated with WHO-QoL-bref questionnaire. Results: We found positive correlations between total SSI scores and the psychological (r = 0.450; p = 0.003) and environmental (r = 0.408; p = 0.008) domains of WHO-QoL-bref. The SSI factor 'self-control of aggressiveness' (SSI-F5) was negatively correlated with the magnitude of caregiver burden (r = -0.483; p = 0.001) and positively associated with the psychological domain of WHO-QoL-bref (r = 0.446; p = 0.003). Caregivers with better 'self-assertion in the expression of positive affect' (SSI-F2) also had better 'social relationships' according to WHO-QoL-bref (r = 0.402; p = 0.009). Discussion: The availability of more sophisticated repertoires of social skills may render family caregivers more resilient to burden, preserving their quality of life while enduring this task.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Caregivers/psychology , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Social Skills , Compassion Fatigue/psychology , Quality of Life , Stress, Psychological , Family Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Interview , Dementia/psychology , Tertiary Care Centers
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(10): 1312-1318, oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902445

ABSTRACT

In Chile, more than 180 thousand people (1% of the population) have some form of dementia. The figure should increase to approximately 600,000 (3% of Chileans) by 2050. This disease poses major challenges to the society. One of them is the effective recognition of the autonomy and responsibility of the person living with this condition. This article aims to review the clinical assessment of competence, its agreement with the Chilean legal system and the challenges that the assessment of competence poses in clinical decision-making and the capacity of an individual make decisions, according to the new international obligations subscribed by Chile. It is concluded that inclusion is a pending challenge, reflected among other things, by the non-compliance with binding rules such as Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which affirms that persons with disabilities have the right to be recognized as a person everywhere, before the law.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Competency/legislation & jurisprudence , Persons with Mental Disabilities/legislation & jurisprudence , Decision Making , Dementia/psychology , Informed Consent/legislation & jurisprudence , Psychological Tests , Chile , Mental Competency/psychology , Persons with Mental Disabilities/psychology , Personal Autonomy , Disability Evaluation , Informed Consent/psychology
16.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 70(4): 682-688, Jul.-Aug. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-898194

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the caregivers and its relation with the overburden from the care of the elderly with dementia. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study; the sample was non-probabilistic, developed with caregivers of elderly people with dementia. The field of investigation was the Health Care Center of the Elderly and their Caregivers (CASIC), in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data collection took place from February to June 2016, with the following instruments: a sociodemographic questionnaire and Zarit scale. Results: fifty percent of the caregivers presented moderate overburden; 38% presented little overburden; and 12% moderate/severe overburden. It was observed that the median of weekly care hours increases as the overburden increases. Caregivers with moderate to severe overburden, in the majority, do not share care. Conclusion: it is clear that the overburden of care places the caregiver in conditions of biological and psychological vulnerability.


RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de los cuidadores y su relación con la sobrecarga derivada del cuidado al anciano con demencia. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal. Muestra tipo no probabilística, integrada por cuidadores de ancianos con demencia. Investigación desarrollada en el Centro de Atención a la Salud del Anciano y sus Cuidadores (CASIC), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Datos recolectados de febrero a junio de 2016, utilizándose los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico y escala de Zarit. Resultados: 50% de los cuidadores presentaron poca sobrecarga, 12% sobrecarga moderada/severa. Se observó que la mediana de horas de cuidado semanal aumenta toda vez que la sobrecarga aumenta. Los cuidadores con sobrecarga de moderada a severa, de manera mayoritaria, no comparten el cuidado. Conclusión: de esta forma, queda claro que la sobrecarga del cuidado expone al cuidador a condiciones de vulnerabilidad biológica y psicológica.


RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos cuidadores e sua relação com a sobrecarga proveniente do cuidado ao idoso com demência. Método: estudo descritivo transversal, a amostra foi do tipo não probabilística, desenvolvida com os cuidadores de idosos com demência. O campo de investigação foi o Centro de Atenção à Saúde do Idoso e seus Cuidadores (CASIC), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de fevereiro a junho de 2016, com os seguintes instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico e escala de Zarit. Resultados: 50% dos cuidadores apresentaram sobrecarga moderada, 38% apresentaram pouca sobrecarga e 12%, sobrecarga moderada/severa. Observou-se que a mediana das horas de cuidados semanais aumenta conforme a sobrecarga aumenta. Cuidadores com sobrecarga de moderada a severa, em caráter majoritário, não dividem o cuidado. Conclusão: Dessa forma, fica claro que a sobrecarga do cuidado coloca o cuidador em condições de vulnerabilidade biológica e psicológica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dementia, Vascular/complications , Caregivers/psychology , Cost of Illness , Vulnerable Populations/psychology , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Psychometrics/methods , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Dementia/psychology , Qualitative Research , Middle Aged
17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(12): 967-973, Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828006

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Resilience is the capacity for successful adaptation when faced with the stress of adversity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between caregivers’ resilience and the sociodemographic and clinical factors of people with dementia. Cross-sectional assessment of 58 people with dementia and their caregiver dyads showed that most caregivers were female adult children. The caregivers reported moderate to higher levels of resilience, lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms and moderate levels of burden. Resilience was not related to the caregiver’s gender (p = 0.883), nor clinical (p = 0.807) or emotional problems (p = 0.420). The regression showed that resilience was related to the caregiver’s quality of life (p < 0.01) and inversely associated with their depressive symptoms (p < 0.01). There was no relationship between caregivers’ resilience and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people with dementia. We can assume that resilience is an individual characteristic. Support groups should also focus on the factors that may increase resilience among caregivers.


RESUMO Resiliência é a capacidade de adaptação bem-sucedida, quando confrontado com o estresse da adversidade. Nosso objetivo foi investigar a relação entre a resiliência dos cuidadores e fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos de pessoas com demência. A avaliação transversal de 58 pessoas com demência e suas duplas de cuidadores, mostrou que a maioria dos cuidadores eram do sexo feminino e filhas adultas. Os cuidadores relataram níveis moderados a altos de resiliência, níveis mais baixos de ansiedade e sintomas depressivos e níveis moderados de sobrecarga. Resiliência não estava relacionada ao gênero (p = 0.883) e problemas clínicos (p = 0.807) e emocionais (p = 0.420) dos cuidadores. A regressão mostrou que a resiliência foi relacionada à qualidade de vida (p < 0,01) dos cuidadores e inversamente associada com os sintomas depressivos (p < 0,01). Não havia uma relação significativa entre a resiliência dos cuidadores e as características sociodemográficos e clínicas das pessoas com demência. Podemos supor que a resiliência é uma característica individual. Os grupos de apoio devem enfatizar os fatores que podem aumentar a resiliência entre os cuidadores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Caregivers/psychology , Dementia/nursing , Resilience, Psychological , Anxiety/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Quality of Life , Socioeconomic Factors , Adaptation, Psychological , Cross-Sectional Studies , Regression Analysis , Dementia/psychology , Depression/psychology
18.
Rev. Subj. (Impr.) ; 16(3): 58-69, dezembro - 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-957475

ABSTRACT

O artigo propõe articular o fenômeno da repetição, em uma perspectiva psicanalítica, ao discurso repetitivo característico dos pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA), considerando os correlatos neurocognitivos desse processo. Trata-se de um estudo teórico exploratório. Metodologicamente, realizou-se uma busca de artigos nas bases de dados PsycINFO (APA), SciELO e PePSIC com os seguintes descritores: Alzheimer e Psicanálise; Alzheimer e Psicodinâmica; Alzheimer e repetição à compulsão; e também em inglês (Alzheimer and psychoanalysis; Alzheimer and pychodynamic; e Alzheimer and repetition compulsion). Encontrou-se apenas sete artigos que se aproximaram do tema deste trabalho dentro dos critérios de inclusão: artigos disponibilizados na íntegra e gratuitamente na base de dados, e artigos escritos nos idiomas português ou inglês. Não foram encontrados artigos em português. Foram ainda consultadas obras consagradas da Psicanálise, especialmente da corrente teórica freudiana. Uma interlocução entre a Psicanálise e as Neurociências é proposta, a fim de considerar a relação que o sujeito estabelece com sua doença, sem com isso negligenciar os aspectos fisiológicos e cognitivos caros ao processo de demenciação na DA. Entende-se que o discurso repetitivo do idoso pode servir-lhe como uma tentativa de manutenção da identidade subjetiva ao longo do tempo. Impõe-se o desafio da sustentação de uma escuta que favoreça a preservação do sujeito demenciado nas funções socializante e libertadora da linguagem. A restrição de estudos específicos sobre o fenômeno da repetição vinculada à discussão psicanalítica sobre o envelhecimento humano foi uma limitação para este estudo. Aponta-se a necessidade de elaborações teóricas mais profundas, ancoradas em ensaios clínicos mais amplos acerca do tema.


The article proposes to articulate the phenomenon of repetition, in a psychoanalytic perspective, to the characteristic repetitive discourse of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), considering the neurocognitive correlates of this process. This is an exploratory theoretical study. Methodologically, a search of articles in the databases PsycINFO (APA), SciELO and PePSIC with the following descriptors: in Portuguese: Alzheimer e Psicanálise; Alzheimer e Psicodinâmica; Alzheimer e Repetição à compulsão; and in English Alzheimer and psychoanalysis; Alzheimer and psychodynamic; and Alzheimer's and repetition compulsion. There were only seven articles that approached the theme of this work, within the criteria of inclusion: articles available in full and free of charge in the database, and articles written in Portuguese or English. No articles were found in Portuguese. Also consecrated works of Psychoanalysis were consulted, especially the current Freudian theoretical. An interlocution between Psychoanalysis and Neurosciences is proposed in order to consider the relationship that the subject establishes with his illness, without neglecting the physiological and cognitive aspects that are dear to the process of dementia in AD. It is understood that the repetitive discourse of the elderly can serve as an attempt to maintain subjective identity over time. The challenge of sustaining a listening that favors the preservation of the demented subject in the socializing and liberating functions of language. The restriction of specific studies on the phenomenon of repetition linked to a psychoanalytic discussion about human aging was a limitation of this study. The need for deeper theoretical elaborations, anchored in broader clinical trials on the subject, is pointed out.


El artículo propone articular el fenómeno de la repetición, en una perspectiva psicoanalítica, al discurso repetitivo característico de los pacientes con Alzheimer (DA), considerando los correlatos neurocognitivos de este proceso. Se refiere a una investigación teórico-exploratoria. Metodológicamente fue realizada una búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos PsycINFO (APA), SciELO y PePSIC con los siguiente descriptores: Alzheimer y Psicoanálisis; Alzheimer y Psicodinámica; Alzheimer y Repetición a la compulsión; y en inglés Alzheimer and psychoanalysis; Alzheimer and pychodynamic; y Alzheimer and repetition compulsion. Fue encontrado solo siete artículos que se acercaron al tema de este trabajo, dentro de los criterios de inclusión: artículos disponibles en la íntegra y gratis en las bases de datos, y artículos escritos en los idiomas portugués o inglés. Artículos en portugués no fueron encontrados. Fueron consultadas aún obras importantes del psicoanálisis, especialmente de la corriente freudiana. Es propuesta una interlocución entre el Psicoanálisis y las Neurociencias con la finalidad de considerar la relación que el sujeto establece con su enfermedad, sin que se pase por alto los aspectos fisiológicos y cognitivos caros al proceso de demencia en la DA. Se entiende que el discurso repetitivo del anciano puede servirle como intento de manutención de la identidad subjetiva a lo largo del tiempo. Se impone el reto del apoyo de una escucha que favorezca la preservación del sujeto demenciado en las funciones socializante y libertadora del lenguaje. La restricción de investigaciones específicas sobre el fenómeno de la repetición relacionada a una discusión psicoanalítica sobre el envejecimiento humano fue una limitación para este trabajo. Se indica la necesidad de elaborar teorías más profundas, ancladas en ensayos clínicos más amplios a cerca del tema.


L'article propose articuler le phénomène de la répétition, dans une perspective de la psychanalyse, avec le discours répétitif caractéristique des patients atteint de la maladie d'Alzheimer (MA), en considérant les correlations neurocognitives de ce processus. Il s'agit d'une étude théorique exploratoire. Sur le plan méthodologique, il y a eu une recherche d'articles dans les bases de données PsycINFO (APA), SciELO et PePSIC avec les mots clés suivants : Alzheimer et psychanalyse; Alzheimer et psychodynamique; Alzheimer et la compulsion de répétition; et en anglais: Alzheimer and psychoanalysis; Alzheimer and psychodynamic; et Alzheimer and repetition compulsion . Nous avons trouvé seulement sept articles qui abordent le thème de ce travail, dans les critères d'inclusion: articles disponibles dans son intégralité et gratuitement dans la base de données et des articles rédigés en langues portugaise ou anglaise. Nous n'avons pas trouvés des articles en Portugais. Des oeuvres consacrées de la psychanalyse ont été consultées, surtout de la théorique freudienne. Un dialogue entre la psychanalyse et les neurosciences est proposé, afin d'examiner la relation que le sujet établit avec sa maladie, sans pour autant négliger les aspects physiologiques et cognitives, chères au processus de demence chez la MA. Il est entendu que le discours répétitif des personnes âgées peut servir comme une tentative de maintenir l'identité subjective au fil du temps. S'impose le défi de la sustentation d'une écoute qui favorise la préservation du sujet dément chez les fonctions de socialisation et de libération langagièr. La restriction des études spécifiques sur le phénomène de la répétition liée à une discussion psychanalytique sur le vieillissement humain a été un frein à cette étude. Il faut souligner la nécessité d'élaborations théoriques plus profondes, ancrées dans des essais cliniques plus vastes sur le sujet.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dementia/psychology , Alzheimer Disease , Psychoanalysis
19.
CoDAS ; 28(3): 252-260, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-788068

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this paper was to assess the use of the Metalinguistic Skills Stimulation Program in Theory of Mind (ToM) in people with dementia. Methods An experimental research design was developed. Forty-two subjects, 28 women and 14 men, aged 61 to 87 participated in the study. The three following groups were created: Experimental Group and Control Group - both composed of people with dementia, and Normal Group - consisting of people without dementia or any medical and psychological disorders that keep them from living a normal life. All subjects in the sample were evaluated using the MMSE30 Test and the MetAphAs Test. The stimulation program was used with the Experimental Group in 40-minute sessions held twice a week for five months. After the program, a second evaluation or retest was performed. The data obtained were compared statistically and qualitatively, individually and between the different groups. Results A clear effect of the treatment was observed: most of the patients improved their average scores in the performance of various tasks and on the MetAphAs Test. Significant differences were observed when comparing the Experimental Group with the Control Group. Conclusions The evolution of each patient presents a multifactorial etiology, and it was influenced by different variables related to the patients and their psychosocial environment. The data encourage the development of further research with larger samples in order to achieve more conclusive results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dementia/therapy , Theory of Mind , Alzheimer Disease/therapy , Language Therapy/methods , Linguistics , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Dementia/psychology , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Language , Middle Aged
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(1): 94-101, ene. 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-776979

ABSTRACT

Dementia is an important public health problem due to the complex challenges it poses during the progression of the disease and especially during its end-of-life stage. The aim of this article is to consider the issues that arise from the use of commonly administered therapies in patients with severe dementia. Scenarios where excessive or futile therapeutic interventions might occur are discussed. The article concludes that it is advisable to analyze the clinical criteria and ethical considerations related to the administration of those treatments in order to develop and disseminate better practice guidelines for health professionals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care , Dementia/therapy , Terminal Care , Severity of Illness Index , Risk Factors , Enteral Nutrition , Dementia/psychology , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Alzheimer Disease/therapy
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